@article {17113,
	title = {Targeted gene-and-host progenitor cell therapy for nonunion bone fracture repair},
	journal = {Mol Ther},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Kimelman-Bleich, Nadav Pelled, Gadi Zilberman, Yoram Kallai, Ilan Mizrahi, Olga Tawackoli, Wafa Gazit, Zulma Gazit, Dan eng R01 AR056694/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ R01 DE019902/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R01AR056694-01A1/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ R01DE019902-01/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t 2010/09/23 06:00 Mol Ther. 2011 Jan;19(1):53-9. doi: 10.1038/mt.2010.190. Epub 2010 Sep 21.},
	pages = {53-9},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Nonunion fractures present a challenge to orthopedics with no optimal solution. In-vivo DNA electroporation is a gene-delivery technique that can potentially accelerate regenerative processes. We hypothesized that in vivo electroporation of an osteogenic gene in a nonunion radius bone defect site would induce fracture repair. Nonunion fracture was created in the radii of C3H/HeN mice, into which a collagen sponge was placed. To allow for recruitment of host progenitor cells (HPCs) into the implanted sponge, the mice were housed for 10 days before electroporation. Mice were electroporated with either bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9) plasmid, Luciferase plasmid or injected with BMP-9 plasmid but not electroporated. In vivo bioluminescent imaging indicated that gene expression was localized to the defect site. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histological analysis of murine radii electroporated with BMP-9 demonstrated bone formation bridging the bone gap, whereas in the control groups the defect remained unbridged. Population of the implanted collagen sponge by HPCs transfected with the injected plasmid following electroporation was noted. Our data indicate that regeneration of nonunion bone defect can be attained by performing in vivo electroporation with an osteogenic gene combined with recruitment of HPCs. This gene therapy approach may pave the way for regeneration of other skeletal tissues.},
	keywords = {Animals Bone Regeneration/*genetics Collagen/administration \& dosage Electroporation/*methods Female Fractures, Inbred C3H Osteogenesis/*genetics Plasmids/genetics Stem Cells/*physiology Wound Healing/genetics, Ununited/pathology/*therapy Gene Transfer Techniques Genetic Therapy/*methods Genetic Vectors/administration \& dosage/genetics Growth Differentiation Factor 2/biosynthesis/*genetics Luciferases/biosynthesis/genetics Mice Mice},
	issn = {1525-0024 (Electronic) 1525-0016 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1038/mt.2010.190},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20859259},
	author = {Kimelman-Bleich, N. and Pelled, G. and Zilberman, Y. and Kallai, I. and Mizrahi, O. and Tawackoli, W. and Gazit, Z. and Gazit, D.}
}
