@article {17085,
	title = {Structural bone allograft combined with genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells as a novel platform for bone tissue engineering},
	journal = {Tissue Eng},
	volume = {13},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Xie, Chao Reynolds, David Awad, Hani Rubery, Paul T Pelled, Gadi Gazit, Dan Guldberg, Robert E Schwarz, Edward M O{\textquoteright}Keefe, Regis J Zhang, Xinping eng R01 AR046545/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ R01 AR051469/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ AR051469/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ R01 AR051469-03/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ R21 DE017096/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ P50 AR054041/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ AR46545/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ AR054041/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ DE017096/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t 2007/05/24 09:00 Tissue Eng. 2007 Mar;13(3):435-45.},
	pages = {435-45},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {The presence of live periosteal progenitor cells on the surface of bone autografts confers better healing than devitalized allograft. We have previously demonstrated in a murine 4 mm segmental femoral bone-grafting model that live periosteum produces robust endochondral and intramembraneous bone formation that is essential for effective healing and neovascularization of structural bone grafts. To the end of engineering a live pseudo-periosteum that could induce a similar response onto devitalized bone allograft, we seeded a mesenchymal stem cell line stably transfected with human bone morphogenic protein-2/beta-galactosidase (C9) onto devitalized bone allografts or onto a membranous small intestinal submucosa scaffold that was wrapped around the allograft. Histology showed that C9-coated allografts displayed early cartilaginous tissue formation at day 7. By 6 and 9 weeks, a new cortical shell was found bridging the segmental defect that united the host bones. Biomechanical testing showed that C9-coated allografts displayed torsional strength and stiffness equivalent to intact femurs at 6 weeks and superior to live isografts at 9 weeks. Volumetric and histomorphometric micro-computed tomography analyses demonstrated a 2-fold increase in new bone formation around C9-coated allografts, which resulted in a substantial increase in polar moment of inertia (pMOI) due to the formation of new cortical shell around the allografts. Positive correlations between biomechanics and new bone volume and pMOI were found, suggesting that the biomechanical function of the grafted femur relates to both morphological parameters. C9-coated allograft also exhibited slower resorption of the graft cortex at 9 weeks than live isograft. Both new bone formation and the persistent allograft likely contributed to the improved biomechanics of C9-coated allograft. Taken together, we propose a novel strategy to combine structural bone allograft with genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells as a novel platform for bone tissue engineering.},
	keywords = {Animals *Bone Transplantation/methods/pathology *Bone and Bones Cattle Cell Line *Genetic Engineering *Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation/methods *Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/cytology Mice Mice, Homologous, Inbred C3H Mice, Inbred C57BL *Tissue Engineering Transplantation},
	issn = {1076-3279 (Print) 1076-3279 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1089/ten.2006.0182},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17518596},
	author = {Xie, C. and Reynolds, D. and Awad, H. and Rubery, P. T. and Pelled, G. and Gazit, D. and Guldberg, R. E. and Schwarz, E. M. and O{\textquoteright}Keefe, R. J. and Zhang, X.}
}
