@article {17079,
	title = {Neotendon formation induced by manipulation of the Smad8 signalling pathway in mesenchymal stem cells},
	journal = {J Clin Invest},
	volume = {116},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Hoffmann, Andrea Pelled, Gadi Turgeman, Gadi Eberle, Peter Zilberman, Yoram Shinar, Hadassah Keinan-Adamsky, Keren Winkel, Andreas Shahab, Sandra Navon, Gil Gross, Gerhard Gazit, Dan eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t 2006/04/06 09:00 J Clin Invest. 2006 Apr;116(4):940-52.},
	pages = {940-52},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Tissue regeneration requires the recruitment of adult stem cells and their differentiation into mature committed cells. In this study we describe what we believe to be a novel approach for tendon regeneration based on a specific signalling molecule, Smad8, which mediates the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into tendon-like cells. A biologically active Smad8 variant was transfected into an MSC line that coexpressed the osteogenic gene bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). The engineered cells demonstrated the morphological characteristics and gene expression profile of tendon cells both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, following implantation in an Achilles tendon partial defect, the engineered cells were capable of inducing tendon regeneration demonstrated by double quantum filtered MRI. The results indicate what we believe to be a novel mechanism in which Smad8 inhibits the osteogenic pathway in MSCs known to be induced by BMP2 while promoting tendon differentiation. These findings may have considerable importance for the therapeutic replacement of tendons or ligaments and for engineering other tissues in which BMP plays a pivotal developmental role.},
	keywords = {Achilles Tendon/*metabolism Animals Biomarkers Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology Cell Differentiation Cells, Cultured Female Histocytochemistry Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/cytology/*metabolism Mice Mice, Inbred C3H Microscopy, Nude Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism *Signal Transduction Smad8 Protein/genetics/*metabolism Stem Cells Tissue Engineering Transcriptional Activation Transfection Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology, Phase-Contrast Protein Structure, Tertiary Rats Rats},
	issn = {0021-9738 (Print) 0021-9738 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1172/JCI22689},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16585960},
	author = {Hoffmann, A. and Pelled, G. and Turgeman, G. and Eberle, P. and Zilberman, Y. and Shinar, H. and Keinan-Adamsky, K. and Winkel, A. and Shahab, S. and Navon, G. and Gross, G. and Gazit, D.}
}
