Dozens of thousands of patients all over the world suffer from mandible loss due to various reasons, including car accidents, gun shots, resected tumors, congenital defects, and more. The aim of this project is to translate the basic science insights acquired in the previous project, into a therapeutic approach compatible for human patients. For this purpose, we have developed an innovative approach to differentiate embryonic stem cell-like cells into the developmental ancestors of the mandible stem cells. To monitor stem cell activity, we use a designated imaging tool box.